Upper society, middle class, bottom society, a birth has a different life. Poor people are poor, not because they are not working hard enough, but because the education they receive, the information they receive and the circles they face cannot be compared with those of the rich at all. This is the class.
-Bean waite
Now many college graduates like to boast of their pain. For example, get up at 07:00 in the morning to go to work, go home at 10 o'clock in the evening, for example, made a whole drawer for the notes for the postgraduate entrance examination, occupied seats in the library early in the morning, and turned over the pages of the book of truth questions.
But when they are sleepy, they can rest on their office chairs, if they are hungry, they can have a meal in the school cafeteria and come back to work, doing things about books in a warm air-conditioned room, in a desk, in a computer.
It's called hard work. Is that a pain?
Foxconn's assembly line employees in Taiyuan have to process 900 products per hour when they are busy, and the average processing time of each product cannot exceed 4 seconds, for a full 10 hours of work hours. Every second must stand there concentrating on the mechanical and repetitive work.
Many employees admit that "it feels like a walking corpse."
However, they will not leave because they know Foxconn is McKinsey in the assembly line factory, leaving here, they will never find a better job. Dozens of meters away Foxconn security guards often look at them admiringly, saying they want to be workers too, but because there are so many mistakes, they have to be security guards.
In 2012, an ordinary Foxconn worker paid "enviable" 1800 yuan if he worked only 10 hours a day. So on average they worked more than 60 hours a week.
The workers in Datong Black Coal Kiln are paid a little higher. Every day 6: 00 before dawn to go down to pull coal, until there is no way to work at night.
Carrying dozens of jin of coal from seven to eight hundred meters underground, a worker can get about 100 yuan a day, roughly the same as an intern who doesn't have to do anything.
In addition to the difficult working environment, workers have to face the mine collapse, the boss owed wages, their own body can not bear the risks and so on. Even so, when asked if it was hard, Chen, a worker from rural Sichuan, said:
It's ten times better here than home, a year's work here, six years' work here.
The Sherpas at the foot of Mount Qomolangma provide guides to climbers from all over the world. They built walls for climbers with baggage and dangerous obstacles for their employers to pass.
So they can earn 4000 dollars a year. To convert this into less than 40, 000 yuan in income, many Sherpas died on their way to Mount Everest.
"my friends and brothers are dead, and in fact, luck is the last thing to survive." "this is our job, and it's our only way to make money," said Ba Sang, a Sherpa.
So, when you turn on the air conditioning, take the subway, go to college, use the computer, do decent work in the city, In the face of these low-level people struggling for basic survival, what position is there to say, "the welfare of the poor should be abolished to encourage them to advance?"
You know, many of them don't read, or even speak Mandarin. And you can even communicate with foreigners in English.
Some people may eat noodles gravy with central leaders every day, and some may go back to the first half of the year if they say a word to cadres at the office level.
This is called class, which represents a completely different circle of education, access to information, and reach. And the above three points, is the biggest factor in making money.
In 1998, American columnist Barbara Allen Rick chose six places to work in different cities in order to experience the lives of the American people at the bottom.
In order to ensure that she can truly experience the lives of the local bottom people, she hides her identity and disconnects from her past friends everywhere, starting with $1000 in savings.
But she made a decision for herself that she had to have a car of her own, otherwise it would be too inconvenient. The cost of keeping a car in the United States is so much cheaper than at home that this car-owner can be poor as well.
In these areas, an average person without a degree can find a job with an average hourly salary of $6 to $7, eight hours a day, or $50, and 25 days a month, or $1250.
But if you want to be closer to your workplace, it often costs more than $600, which is too heavy for people earning more than $1000 a month.
So she had to rent a house a few miles from her workplace, but the cost of keeping a car and eating cheap, unnutritious fast food was $400 a month for food and petrol. Then, there's not much left.
It will be harder to find a job in a strange city in the first few days, because you haven't found a stable place to live and have to go to a hotel for a few days. These days will soon run out of 1000 dollars and wait until you get a job and get your first salary. The money had to pay the rent quickly.
Barbara changed six jobs in different cities, retail, cleaning, and elderly services, but it all ended the same way:
She found herself in a dilemma:
-> because there is no money, I have to live in a remote place
-> because they live in remote places, they have to spend a lot of time on the road
-> because she spent a lot of time on the road, she spent less and less time promoting herself and discovering better jobs
-> in order to cope with rent and living costs, she had to convince herself to take on more hours or part-time jobs
-> because she spent so much time doing all kinds of hard work, she gradually became a work machine, unable to do anything else until the mood broke out
Then move on and go to the next loop.
Yes, for six jobs, no matter how hard you try, you can't get a future, not at Wal-Mart. The funny fact is that those who serve at Wal-Mart can't afford to sell at Wal-Mart.
This is the class.
When you see a poor kid working hard in Beijing, he finally becomes the best of his peers and gets a pre-tax salary of two hundred thousand a year, but because he has to pay back the debts his family borrowed for college. Take care of the old father who is sick in bed and have to still live in frugality every day. Another rich child earns $ two hundred thousand just by renting out a house in his home.
When you found out that Ma Huateng's father was a listed director of Yantian Port Company, he drove Mercedes-Benz to account Ma Huateng in 1997. Liu Chuanzhi's father is the people's Bank, a high-level State Trade Commission. Wang Shi's father-in-law was vice governor of Guangdong province.
You will feel that this is the class.
China doesn't know when it's starting to kill people at the bottom.
"you're weak and you're reasonable", "Why don't I give you a like", "Why don't I help you?" Why don't I lend you money? "Why can't I save you?" you're just a weak circle, poor family, low IQ. " "Why don't I associate with the poor?" the poor and ugly men must be unfaithful in love "." the poor must also be of bad character. "
These articles are popular, exposing the so-called "original sin of the poor" every day and every night, whether true or false, first fully deconstructing the mentality of the people at the bottom, and then clearly pointing out not to associate with the people at the bottom.
Recently, the argument that you were poor because you didn't work hard began to attack the hearts of the people at the bottom.
So those low-level people who got up early and struggled to survive were so lazy, greedy, unworthy of help, without intelligence, no emotional intelligence, and deserved to perish, as if it was not enough to beat them to the bottom. There are tens of thousands of feet to stop.
These people, I just want to ask you, do you think your last name is Zhao?
If not。
Why should ashes and dust hate each other?
The cruel world: You're not poor. You don't understand!
It's not chicken soup, and it's not arsenic.
Just from the complexity of the situation, grasp behind the dark tide surge, analysis of the future we will face:
The society is about to be layered. What level will you be on?
1. Your next generation will be forced to flee their hometown?
"give him everything you have, so that he may have more than he has, and even what he has will be taken away from him."
This sentence comes from the Bible Matthew 25: 29, based on which posterity generalizes the Matthew effect, that is, the stronger the strong, the weaker the weak.
Matthew effect is the coldest rule in the world, but it is everywhere.
When the topics of "escaping from North, Shanghai and Guangzhou" and "running back to North, Shanghai and Guangzhou" became popular on the Internet, based on big data, a member of the provincial population, a cruel conclusion was drawn:
Metropolis is like a pumping machine, constantly extracting labor from backward provinces, and maybe someday, as in today's Japan, countless villages and towns will wither and fall, but Tokyo and Osaka are still busy.
In an era of negative population growth, the metropolis will drain blood from surrounding areas without mercy so that it can survive.
Cruel? No, because it's the result of the young labourers casting their feet.
Metropolis has high-quality political resources, commercial resources, educational resources, human resources.
These high-quality resources attract countless excellent young people, and good young people will promote the prosperity of the metropolis, thereby allowing the metropolis to gain more resources, thus forming a virtuous circle of advantages iteration. This is the stronger the strong in the Matthew effect.
The inference derived from population migration is even more startling:
You can also hesitate in these choices (from North to North or back to North and up), indicating that you are extremely happy because your next generation and the next generation may no longer have any choice.
If you finally choose to stay in a small, picturesque town of life, you may live happily ever after;
But when your children reach your age, it is likely that they have and only one option, that is, to flee their hometown, where they will eventually decline.
The so-called "incomparable happiness" in the article is in fact "extremely cruel".
Because while the metropolis grabs excellent talents, it is also using high housing prices and household registration system to squeeze millions of ordinary people to the edge of the bustling city, driving them to the cramped basement and the dirty rental houses. Until the day of their dreams, they collected their bags, rolled back to their hometown, and then their next generation carried their bags and fled their hometown.
This is the other side of the Matthew effect, the weaker.
2, the richer the income, the faster the increase!
Thomas Piketty, author of Capital in the 21 Century, argues that today's rate of return on capital is greater than the growth rate of the economy, which will lead to the accumulation of social wealth into the minority.
That is to say, the richer the income, the faster the growth! OECD (OECD) statistics confirm this.
In the last 30 years, incomes of both high-income and low-income groups in developed countries, such as the United Kingdom and the United States, have increased, but incomes of high-income groups (government managers, financial practitioners, and IT practitioners) have increased even faster.
The accumulation of investment wealth is like a snowball. At the same rate, the larger the snowball, the faster it grows.
When Wang Jianlin "earns a hundred million" small target to brush the screen first, have you ever calculated: Wang Jianlin is worth 260 billion, one billion only accounts for 0.04% of his total assets, is really only a small target for him!
For young people who don't have property and earn 100, 000 a year, a billion-dollar goal is not too difficult, that is, not eating or drinking for 1000 years.
3. It is difficult to get out of your son again in a poor way.
In 1980, a farmer's child stepped into the school gate of Peking University, and his neighbors were proud of him.
But when he arrived in Beijing, he found out:
I have not read extracurricular books, can not keep up with the topic of chat with classmates;
The dressing is very good, the girl is looking for him to carry the bag, the reason is to let her boyfriend take a rest;
Make a self-introduction, also be laughed at in public, say he speaks mandarin like Japanese;
With the exception of transplanting rice seedlings, he couldn't get any of them out of his hands.
One such farmer, who founded the first Chinese educational institution listed in the United States, was named Yu Minhong, "the 50 most influential business leaders in China."
The poor out of your son, adversity out of talent, Yu Minhong's life experience to write a book to change the fate of the legend.
But what if Yu Minhong was born a few years later?
Liu Yunshu, an associate professor of the School of Education of Peking University, found that the family background of Peking University students from 1978 to 2005 was as follows:
The middle and late 1980s was a golden age in which the peasant children changed their destiny with their knowledge, and more than 30% of the Peking University students came from the poor;
In the mid-1990s, the proportion of farm children began to decline;
After 2000, only more than a percent of rural children were admitted to Peking University. The passage for the poor children to enter a famous school is becoming narrower and narrower.
Who occupied all the farm children's places?
The authoritative Journal of Chinese Social Sciences published a study in 2012. Silent Revolution: a study of students' Social sources at Peking University and Suzhou University (1952 / 2002).
By studying 50 years of data, the report comes to the conclusion that society as a whole is in uproar:
After the 1990s, the proportion of elite children admitted to Peking University rose rapidly, accounting for only 1.7% of the population, but 40% of Peking University students were born in such elite families.
It is another victory of Matthew's effect that it is difficult for the poor to get out of the noble son, and the elite are piled up into famous schools, and this is another victory of the Matthew effect.
Why was the 1980s the golden age of the peasant children? Because the college entrance examination was only recovered in 1977, with the passage of time, Matthew effect is becoming more and more obvious.
4. at the bottom of despair, it's useless to yell at reading
Author Yu Xiulan draws the conclusion from a post-doctoral sociological survey conducted by the Chinese Academy of Sciences that the poorer the students are, the more they agree that reading is useless.
The poverty level in villages is 62.32%, the middle level in rural areas is 37.24%, and the proportion of people whose annual income is less than 10,000 yuan is the highest. So the author uses the subtitle to describe the attitude of the bottom people to education-the desperate bottom people: abandon higher education altogether.
Is the author's conclusion correct?
Yes, it's hard to reason, but it's a surprise, and don't believe me to argue it out to you:
One argument: the poorer the family, the higher the cost of reading.
According to a 2014 Economist report, three years of high school tuition costs, including book fees, often cost thousands of dollars-often more than a year's income for poor rural households.
The second argument: the lower the background, the worse the school.
In 2014, a statistical report by Bo Jiamin (Benjamin Lillebrohus) of Lund University in Sweden showed that:
In 2012, 10.36% of new rural students enrolled in Fudan University, 18.98% in Tongji University, 28.14% in Tianjin University, 32.27% in Jilin University, 59.85% in Northwest normal University and 43.68% in Nanchang University. Kashgar University (formerly Kashgar normal College) 56.98%.
The trend is hard to reverse, as a 2011 Southern weekend report notes: "the lower the background, the worse the school."
Argument three: the worse the school, the harder it is to find a good job.
When the educational starting point of society is higher and higher, the threshold of good job is also higher and higher.
Graduates face competition for the same job in the talent market, so for third-rate college graduates, graduation is no longer a joke.
On the other hand, no matter how much debt poor students have to go to college and how much they pay, enterprises will only express regret at most, that's all.
For the bottom people, the high cost and low income of education lead to their despair of education.
5, how does Haidian spell the baby?
As the sound of "reading useless" rises at the bottom, the middle and upper strata of society are more madly engaged in education.
In the first half of this year, an article entitled "Beijing's helplessness: how to spell Haidian Pinwa" was retweeted crazily in parents' moments.
When the mainstream media bombarded the extracurricular class as a machine for developing exam-oriented education, the author revealed what his children were doing in the tutoring class:
Chinese is taught by a teacher at Peking University. The children read "University" and "Spring and Autumn", but many of the contents are actually about history. Moreover, what happened in Chinese history is compared horizontally with that of foreign history, with the enlightenment of culture and philosophy.
English is a well-known teacher of the new oriental class, starting with Phonics, children are no longer memorizing, but telling English stories.
Mathematics is taught by 985 graduates in China. The Olympic numbers in the lower grade of primary school are enough for liberal arts students to pay their guns, but it will be fun for children to learn.
The author says that his son gets up at 07:30 every day, gets out of class at eight o'clock in the evening, and goes home to do homework and read extra-curricular books. He usually reads books for children, reads one book a week, and reads a set of books a month, including science and technology. History, geography, etc.
Perhaps you will think such a parent is very cruel, unexpectedly forced the child so hard, say good happy education? But what is more cruel is that all this is required by the child himself.
He usually goes to bed at ten o'clock in the evening, but he often goes to bed later than this. The child is only seven years old. I'm really worried, every time you tell him you don't want to take extra class, but he always doesn't want to, he has a goal, is to win dad, if he will his dad will not.
The last sentence of the article is intriguing: success is really not the accumulation of a generation. More intriguing is: tortoise and hare race, if the rabbit runs desperately forward, what will happen?
The answer is still the Matthew effect.
6. The more developed the society, the more solidified the stratum.
Seven years of Life, a documentary by BBC, selected 14 different classes of British children to document their lives. From the age of 7, it is recorded every seven years until they are 56 years old.
The 49-year-old study reveals the cruel fact that poor children are still poor, rich children are still rich, and the class is passed on from generation to generation.
Seven is supposed to be an innocent age, but different classes of children have shown significant differences.
Upper society: John and Andrew have developed the habit of reading the Financial Times, observers, knowing that they will go to top private high schools, go to Oxford, and then enter politics.
Middle class: boys will have their own ideas, such as fighting racial discrimination and helping people of color; girls will want to grow up to marry and have children.
Bottom: some people want to make money as a horse trainer, some want to have a chance to meet their father, and the slum-born Paul, even regards "full food, less penalty stations, less beating" as their life wishes.
Forty-nine years later, they were 56.
John became an entrepreneur and committed to charity, and Andrew became a partner in law, and their children continued to receive education.
Middle class: most of them are still middle class, and some of them fall to the bottom of society.
Bottom: Paul became a bricklayer, Symon became a driver, they had a lot of children, and most of them continued to sell their labor at the bottom.
In a 100-waste society, it is possible to overtake the bend and get rich overnight, but once the society enters the stage of development and stability, the differentiation and solidification of the stratum will become more and more obvious.
"even the effort itself depends to a large extent on a lucky family environment," says Harvard Open, "what is the starting Point of Fairness."
Both President Roosevelt graduated from Harvard, the Bush family were Yale alumni for four generations, and Bush even joked during the campaign: "I inherited half of my father's friends."
Upper social connections, wealth, elitist consciousness, educational resources, etc., father to son, son to grandson.
The children of the middle and lower strata of society, after receiving the so-called "happy education" in public schools, constitute a new generation of the middle and lower strata of society. But in any case, developed societies can at least provide them with reliable living security.
This is another form of social stability.
7. The society is about to be layered. What level will you be on?
Hao Jingfang's Beijing folding won the Hugo Prize in 2016.
Hugo Prize is the world's highest science fiction award, called the "Nobel Prize for Literature" in the field of science fiction, but "Beijing folding" is more a social metaphor in science fiction than science fiction:
Top-level manipulation rules, middle-level high-tempo jobs, and low-level poor people will no longer have the value of being exploited.
When the bottom people shouted at their neighbors, it was useless to read, AlphaGo had defeated Li Shishi, and a revolution in "artificial intelligence" was coming quietly.
It can be predicted that, with the development of artificial intelligence, "machine replacement" is an inevitable trend, when a batch of "automatic XXmachines" into various industries, the social demand for blue-collar will be greatly reduced. On that day, where will the bottom people who give up their education find their way out?
This is an issue for goverment to consider.
And for ourselves, the more concerned question is: is this society still possible to break the class?
Yes, of course!
Even in a highly entrenched British society, in the documentary "Seven years of Life," there is still a man who broke the ceiling of the class and successfully promoted to the elite. He is Nicolas, the son of a farmer, who was admitted to Oxford University. Then he became a professor at a famous school in the United States.
1/14, in terms of probability, is about 7%.
Similarly, Barabama, a global authority in complex network research and academician of the American physical Society, mentioned in his book "outbreak" that 93% of human behavior is predictable. The remaining 7% of the unpredictable changed the world.
The book doesn't give us how the 7% figure came from, but at least he gives us a clue:
There's always such a kind of person in the world, he can go beyond his family, blood and environment, he can break free of the time to his restraint, let the world see another, this kind of person is called the hero.
So here's the question: the society is about to be layered, the class is solidifying, and you, can you be a hero?