Which cities in the world like gambling, Macao, and Las Vegas must be the two most mentioned cities in the world.
And to ask which country is the most addicted to gambling, I'm afraid few people can say it.
Australia is one of the countries that can't get away from a gambling addiction, with a maximum per-capita loss per year.
Australia is a sparsely populated country with a population density of just 3.2 people per square kilometer, less than 1% of Japan's population density, and often gives a quiet feeling of calm.
But inside the casino, however, there is often a lot of noise and excitement. It can be said that the Australian gambling has become popular, and even the whole country has a good bet.
How bad is the gambling wind in Australia? What's unique about Australia's gambling culture? What is the origin of gambling in Australian history?
Australian Advertising to help gambler quit gambling
First, the prosperity of gambling is a disaster for gamblers.
If measured in terms of per capita gambling expenditure, Australia is properly the world's number one.
By 2016, Australia had lost $990 (6500 yuan) per capita because of gambling, while Singapore, the second largest, lost just $650 a year, less than 2/3 of Australia's. You know, at least 25 countries in the world have a per capita national income of less than $990.
Per capita loss of gambling per country (US $), followed by Australia first, Singapore, Ireland, Finland, United States of America
Typical is the city of Feifei, a working-class suburb of Sydney, where residents lose as much as A $8 billion (40 billion yuan) a year on gambling, the equivalent of GDP, in an eastern county in China. The average resident loses 40, 000 Australian dollars ( two hundred thousand yuan) a year.
Not only a heavy loss, but also a lot of gamblers. More than 80% of adults in Australia often participate in one or more gambling activities.
Australia's participation in gambling activities is very convenient, and the gambling approach also presents a variety of characteristics. Professional casino, all kinds of lottery and game betting are very common, and the most extensive way of gambling is slot machine.
slot machine
There are one hundred and ninety six thousand slot machine, in Australia. On average, less than a hundred Australian adults have one slot machine. In addition to Western Australia's slot machine can only be placed in casino, the other seven states (territories) slot machine can be placed in bars, clubs and other places.
Australian mental health experts have also pointed out that 4/5 of Australian gambling addicts are addicted to slot machine.
Australian gambling also affects teenagers, with about 60 percent of 15-to 17-year-olds having gambling behavior within a year, according to two surveys in Adelaide and Canberra.
Many Australian adults also admit that their gambling hobby was developed as a teenager, giving many Chinese parents who send their children to study in Australia a cool breath.
Second, Australian mainland is famous for gambling at the beginning of its development.
Australia has its unique historical and cultural origins as a gambling country.
Before North America became independent, Britain exiled a large number of criminals each year to its colony, North America. After the independence of North America, Britain opened up the distant east of Australia as a place for criminal exile. The Sydney-centric New Wales colony was officially established in 1788.
In other words, when the British colonists developed Australia, they used the exiled prisoners as the main exploiter.
Criminals from Britain landed in Botney Bay, Australia.
At that time Britain was in the time of King George, and gambling was one of the most important social activities. Low-income groups often participate in cockfighting, fighting dogs and other bets on gambling, as well as throwing dice, coins and other gambling.
The upper echelons see gambling as a way of showing off their wealth, often at private gatherings in the form of a card game, gambling, and often by sponsoring boxers and participating horses to gambling.
Gambling is often associated with crime. Gamblers are more likely to commit crimes, and British criminals exiled to Australia are certainly more likely to gamble than other Britons. In exile, they brought the popular European gambling here.
During this period, the Australian colony government was not very interested in dealing with gambling. Because colonial government had more thorny things to deal with at that time, such as how to deal with all kinds of natural disaster; in Australia in extreme climates, how to open up famine in Australia with all sorts of strange creatures and poisonous animals; And to deal with hunger, to deal with aboriginal Australia, and so on.
All sorts of strange giant creatures, Australia's mainland has been untouched for so many years, and it's not for no reason.
In 1810 Macaulay was Governor of New South Wales. He promoted the UK's change policy, and liberals began moving in batches to Australia, where criminals moved from exile to a free and orderly place.
Shortly after McCorley was governor, he held a day of horse racing, cockfighting and snake fights near Sydney, all of which, of course, had bets.
[人名] Macauley
The race, which was intended to relax the colonists themselves, did not lead to a race-building spree in Australia. For a moment, a town without a racecourse is not worthy of being called a town.
Australia, at this time, is still a primitive, underdeveloped place, with little entertainment. For the bottom, gambling is the main pastime for them to spend their time. The acquiescence, sponsorship and promotion of the colonists also prompted the gambling industry to develop in the early stages of development in Australia.
The colonial states of Australia were gradually established, and the original New South Wales governs Australia's main population distribution.
Third, the gold rush spawned the gambler mentality of the whole people.
Gold deposits were discovered in southern New South Wales around the Victorian era in 1850. one hundred and fifty thousand gold miners were mined in 1858, and gold diggers from all over the world poured into Australia. The place where the gold mine was discovered, called the New golden mountains, is now Melbourne. The region has since been divided from New South Wales to Victoria.
Gold rush, in fact, is a big bet in life.
Many of the gold diggers who came to Australia gave up their jobs and risked losing their assets and lives to mine gold. If you can dig a big gold mine, you'll be rich overnight, and if you're not lucky, you'll end up in vain for half your life or even bury yourself in the mine.
Victorian gold rush
The national gold rush, regardless of class, profession or religion, has created Melbourne, Australia's second-largest city, and the Australian character of gambling.
Gold miners come from all over the world, but also bring gambling from all over the world. For example, the Chinese labourers of this period brought pigeon tickets similar to those of today's lottery tickets, as well as the gambling style of tomato stalls, which were popular in the then-Chinese areas of Guangdong and Southeast Asia.
fan-tan
Various patterns of gambling are popular in mines and towns. The miners amused themselves on gambling in the desolate and dangerous mines. Gold diggers returned to town and used large amounts of freshly mined gold as gamblers for racehorses, cockfighting and other gambling. Gambling, Australia, was a hit for a while.
In the gold rush, the prestigious Melbourne Cup, which was launched in Melbourne in 1861, is now hailed as "a breath-holding event", and by 2018 the annual prize had reached A $7.3 million.
The annual Melbourne Cup Horse is a state-of-the-art holiday in which people dress up. The original racehorse gambling event has become a national holiday.
Fourth, the Australian army on the battlefield will not forget gambling.
In 1901, the Commonwealth of Australia was established. Although already had its own constitution, but because of its close "blood relationship" with the United Kingdom, Australia has repeatedly volunteered to send troops overseas to assist the United Kingdom in the war.
On their way overseas, the Australian army spent a long journey with gambling in the cabin. Because their main battlefield is often tens of thousands of kilometers away from Australia, even half the earth.
Take the famous battle of Garipoli in World War I, a famous battle between Australian and New Zealand legions as allies and Britain and others in Turkey's Galipoli Peninsula.
Before the battle, Australia's army had made landings across half the planet in Egypt. While stationed in Egypt, Australian soldiers also gambled happily.
Even in the gap in the Battle of Garipoli, Australian soldiers came to gambling with their daily paychecks. In 1981, the Australian film "Gary Polly" really reflected the gambling side of the military battlefield at the time.
In the battlefield gambling, the game is naturally very limited. The most popular is a simple play called two-up. The player throws two coins, and the gamer gambles on the direction of the two coins.
There is still such a story on the battlefield of the first World War that there is no way to prove it. As the Turkish pilot flew into the Australian camp, he was surprised to see that Australian soldiers threw coins into the sky in a uniform fashion and buried their heads as if they had fallen to the ground.
The Australian army who is playing "double good" on the battlefield
The Turkish pilot thought it was a sacred religious activity, and at this time the enemy was afraid of offending the gods, so he set up his own plane and returned.
The "double good" gambling game is so popular among Australian soldiers in World War I that when Australia commemorates World War I more than 100 years later, it is a must-have activity.
Every April 25, Australia's Australian-New Zealand Legion Day, double good gambling games can be legally held in public in broad daylight. In this way, Australian soldiers in World War I were commemorated.
Fifth, gambling has become an addiction that cannot be stopped.
After World War II, Australia's gambling industry shows the characteristics of collectivization and industrialization. Australia's government, citing controls on illegal gambling and increased fiscal and social welfare revenues, is also working hard to legalize gambling in an effort to gain enough market share in the fast-growing tourism industry after the war.
In 1973, Australia's first legally integrated large casino opened in Hobart, the capital of the outlying island of Tasmania. Since then, a large number of large casino in Sydney, Melbourne and other major Australian cities have opened, and even become landmarks of these big cities.
Hobart, the capital of Australia's outlying island, Tasmania.
As a result, Australia's government has made a lot of money. Government in New South Wales, for example, taxes large casino by 40 percent of total casino revenues; Victoria can even tax 52 percent of casino revenues.
Every sum of money gambler loses in casino, Australia, flows into government's wallet.
Although Australian society has been aware of the harm of gambling in recent years, some states have also introduced measures to limit the further expansion of the gambling industry, for example, Victoria has stipulated that the number of slot machine will no longer increase within 25 years, but these measures are always very weak.
Australia's gambling industry has formed a more stable interest group, through lobbying and other ways to influence policy. Australia's government is also reluctant to relinquish the benefits of the gambling industry's income altogether, and at gambler it gives them a bet on higher social welfare in Australia.
Australia's gambling industry has also created so-called "prosperity" for other related industries. Gambling, for example, has surpassed the telecommunications industry, spending A $1.5 billion a year on gambling advertising, becoming the fourth-largest party A father in Australia's advertising industry.
Although Australia is often ranked as a developed country in all economic indicators, not all of Australia's economic behavior is worth learning from the rest of the world.
National gambling, has caused many tragedies in Australia, no matter how high social welfare will be hollowed out by the gambling.