The federal budget speculates that Australia will not be able to implement a universal vaccine vaccination programme until the end of 2021(aap chart)
The federal government says it may take up to 12 months to launch a new coronal virus vaccine, depending on which candidate vaccine will succeed.
This month's federal budget estimates that australia will not be able to implement a "universal" vaccine vaccination program until the end of 2021 vaccine, although australia's government has said it will vaccination by the first quarter of next year.
This depends entirely on whether the vaccine of ultimate success is a "protein-based "(protein-based) vaccine. So what's the difference? Why government the timetable for universalization depends on protein vaccine, rather than other vaccine?
Morrison vaccine Laboratory at the University of Queensland (aap)
How did the Australian government say?
The Australian industrial minister, Karen Andrews (Karen Andrews), said, The CSL of medical companies and the Federal Organization for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIRO) have the capacity to produce a "protein-based" vaccine, rapidly A vaccine .CSL company like the one being developed by the University of Queensland, For the production of Oxford University - AstraZeneca (Oxford-AstraZeneca) at its Melbourne plant. Technically, This vaccine is a non-protein vaccine known as a "virus carrier" vaccine. but the company says, And it can produce this vaccine, locally And has been working behind the scenes, to achieve this goal.
The Australian government has pledged to buy 26 million doses of Oxford University - AstraZeneca vaccine, The vaccine is considered the leader in many new crown vaccine. Many pharmaceutical companies, including Moderna, are experimenting with other vaccine, The vaccine, known as mRNA vaccine. Andrews, told ABC, producing this type of vaccine in australia takes longer. "I hope we can achieve production in about 9 to 12 months, But I think we need to realize, For vaccine, There are many variables. "
vaccine vaccination (aap chart)
And what exactly is protein vaccine?
Protein vaccine, according to Robert Booy professor of infectious diseases at the University of Sydney, is the "gold standard" developed by vaccine.
"Human beings have been using protein vaccine for decades and are considered safe and can effectively protect infants and children from many infections, including bacterial infections ," he said. "
Coronary virus,, such as the new coronary virus (SARS-CoV-2) that causes new coronary pneumonia, invade cells through so-called "prickling" proteins, and one way to prevent virus infection is to prevent the spike protein from entering the cells.
Protein-based vaccine can prevent penetration by stimulating the protein by stimulating the body to produce antibodies before the coronal prick protein infects healthy cells. The university of queensland vaccine, for example, which australia government supports, is based on this approach.
And what is vaccine? protein
mRNA vaccine, messenger ribonucleic acid vaccine (messenger ribonucleic acid nucleic acid) is one of the most promising non-protein vaccine. These vaccine effectively carry molecular instructions for making proteins so that the body can produce antibody proteins after inoculation with vaccine.
The idea is that when injected with this vaccine, the body treats the protein it makes as a foreign body and triggers an immune response, just as protein-based vaccine do: when injected with protein-based vaccine, antibodies are produced that recognize and neutralize the virus. once the body encounters the virus, antibody again
Professor Tony Cunningham, director of the virus Research Center at the University of Sydney's Westnead Institute, said it was like trying to stop a ship from landing (you can imagine a ship as coronal virus, and wharf a healthy human cell).
"The only difference between the two vaccine is that protein-based vaccine produce proteins outside the body and inject them into the body, mRNA vaccine through the body itself ," he said. "
One of the leading candidate vaccine produced by the National Institutes of Health and Moderna is based on the technology and is now in phase 3 clinical trials.
Moderna company's vaccine is part of the COVAX's global vaccine program, which Australia has signed.
Technically, Oxford's vaccine is a non-protein vaccine, because it uses the so-called "virus vector" strategy of embedding a small piece of SARS-CoV-2virus into a chimpanzee's common cold virus.
Scientists at CSL Company (aap)
Are non-protein new crowns vaccine likely to succeed?
While mRNA vaccine technology is exciting, Professor Booy warns that people have never been successful in producing and selling it in the past vaccine. He said :" It is important that I realize that all our hopes are not based on mRNA vaccine. As a matter of fact, there is no mRNA vaccine of any kind within the scope of conventional human use. Hence, the idea of relying on mRNA vaccine to achieve group protection is difficult to achieve. mRNA vaccine may be Coronavirus effective for prevention, but there are plenty of safety and effectiveness tests before we have confidence in the effectiveness of mRNA vaccine. "
he first choice is more likely to be other types vaccine, they are easier to succeed and achieve safe delivery.
The Australian Health minister Hunter (Greg Hunt) also described protein vaccine as a "broad reality" and said :" Australia will be able to start vaccine production in the first quarter of 2021 and will proceed smoothly. "
why is mRNA vaccine manufacturing time much longer?
And the answer is simple because humans have never produced mRNA vaccine. before
CSL company used to produce millions of flu doses a year vaccine, and this is actually a protein-based vaccine. because australia, and even the world, has never developed it mRNA vaccine, so the production process needs to beed.
"Pharmaceutical companies need to expand production capacity and the variety of products -- they have to expand, improve and change their processes to produce mRNA vaccine ."" It's much easier for pharmaceutical companies to produce protein vaccine, producing millions of doses of protein-based influenza vaccine ." every year ," Professor Booy said
